What is a consequence of CO2 buildup in the body?

The buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body primarily leads to respiratory acidosis. This physiological condition occurs when there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically due to inadequate ventilation and subsequent retention of CO2. When CO2 levels rise, it reacts with water in the body to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, ultimately leading to a decrease in blood pH. This shift towards greater acidity characterizes respiratory acidosis.

In contrast, the other options represent different acid-base imbalances where the underlying mechanisms do not involve CO2 retention. Respiratory alkalosis, for instance, occurs due to hyperventilation and excessive loss of CO2, leading to a rise in blood pH. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis are related to primary changes in bicarbonate levels or the presence of acids or bases from metabolic processes, rather than changes driven by CO2 levels in the respiratory system. Therefore, understanding the role of CO2 in respiratory processes is crucial when assessing how it affects acid-base balance in the body.